Set low default values for directives

Adjust directive values as needed depending on site requirements
e.g client_max_body_size 500M in minio.conf while other sites are limited to 1k

data/nginx.conf

@@ -3,25 +3,36 @@ worker_processes auto;
 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
 pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
 
+# Load modules
+include              /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;
+
 events {
     worker_connections 1024;
-    use epoll;
     multi_accept on;
 }
 
 http {
+    # MIME
     include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
     default_type  application/octet-stream;
 
-    keepalive_timeout 65;
+    charset                utf-8;
-    keepalive_requests 100000;
+    sendfile               on;
+    tcp_nopush             on;
+    tcp_nodelay            on;
+    server_tokens          off;
 
-    variables_hash_max_size 2048;
+    log_format main      '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
-    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
+                         '"$request" $status $bytes_sent '
-    server_tokens off;
+                         '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
+                         '"$gzip_ratio"';
 
-    resolver 8.8.8.8 valid=30s ipv6=off;
+    log_format cloudflare '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
-    resolver_timeout 11s;
+                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
+                          '"$http_user_agent" $http_cf_ray $http_cf_connecting_ip '
+                          '$http_x_forwarded_for $http_x_forwarded_proto ' 
+                          '$http_true_client_ip $http_cf_ipcountry '
+                          '$http_cf_visitor $http_cdn_loop';
 
     log_format json_combined escape=json '{'
         '"method":"$request_method",'
@@ -40,49 +51,87 @@ http {
         '"timestamp":"$time_iso8601",'
         '"ip":"$http_x_forwarded_for"'
     '}';
+
     # log_format VCOMBINED '$host:$server_port '
     #                  '$remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] '
     #                  '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
     #                  '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
 
 
+    # track every client request and are vital for traffic analysis and performance monitoring.
     access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log json_combined;
+    # capture internal server issues and help with troubleshooting.
     error_log   /var/log/nginx/error.log debug;
     
-    sendfile on;
+    # SSL
-    tcp_nopush on;
+    # Mozilla Intermediate configuration
-    tcp_nodelay on;
+    ssl_protocols          TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
-    types_hash_max_size 2048;
+    ssl_ciphers            ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;
-
-    # Important for MinIO
-    client_max_body_size 0;
-    proxy_buffering off;
-    proxy_request_buffering off;
-
-    # Increase the buffer for the request line and headers
-    client_header_buffer_size 16k;
-    large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
-
-    # If using Nginx as a proxy to the Harbor core/registry
-    proxy_buffer_size          128k;
-    proxy_buffers              4 256k;
-    proxy_busy_buffers_size    256k;
-
-    proxy_connect_timeout 300;
-    proxy_send_timeout 300;
-    proxy_read_timeout 300;
-
-    # Add extra headers
-    add_header X-Frame-Options DENY;
-    add_header Content-Security-Policy "frame-ancestors 'none'";
-
-    # SSL Settings
-    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
-    ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
     ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
-    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
+    # enable session resumption to improve https performance
-    ssl_session_timeout 10m;
+    ssl_session_timeout    10m;
+    ssl_session_cache      shared:SSL:10m;
+    ssl_session_tickets    off;
 
+    # Diffie-Hellman parameter for DHE ciphersuites
+    # ssl_dhparam            /etc/nginx/dhparam.pem;
+
+    # OCSP Stapling 
+    # ssl_stapling           on;
+    # ssl_stapling_verify    on;
+    resolver               127.0.0.11 1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220 valid=60s;
+    resolver_timeout       2s;
+
+
+    #       CONTROL RESOURCES AND LIMITS / CONTROLLING BUFFER OVERFLOW ATTACKS
+    # specify the client request body buffer size; default 8k/16k
+    client_body_buffer_size 1k;
+    # sets the headerbuffer size for the request header from client.
+    # 1K sufficient for most requests. 
+    # Increase this if you have a custom header or a large cookie sent from the client (e.g., wap client).
+    client_header_buffer_size 1k;
+    # assigns the maximum accepted body size of client request, indicated by the line Content-Length in the header of request. 
+    # If size is greater the given one, then the client gets the error “Request Entity Too Large” (413). 
+    # Increase this when you are getting file uploads via the POST method. e.g harbor image push, minio uploads
+    client_max_body_size 1k;
+    # assigns the maximum number and size of buffers for large headers to read from client request. 
+    # By default the size of one buffer is equal to the size of page, depending on platform this either 4K or 8K, 
+    # if at the end of working request connection converts to state keep-alive, 
+    # then these buffers are freed. 2x1k will accept 2kB data URI. 
+    # This will also help combat bad bots and DoS attacks. 
+    large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
+
+    client_header_timeout  60;
+    client_body_timeout    60;
+    send_timeout           60;
+
+    #       PROXY BUFFERING
+    # NGINX stores the response from a server in internal buffers as it comes in, 
+    # and doesn't start sending data to the client until the entire response is buffered
+
+    # With proxy_buffering disabled, data received from the server is immediately relayed by NGINX, 
+    # allowing for minimum Time To First Byte (TTFB). 
+    # TLDR - Buffering is needed to ensure that the upstream server can be set free after delivering the response to NGINX, 
+    #        and NGINX will proceed to deliver the response to the slow client.
+    proxy_buffering off; # for a single server setup (SSL termination of Varnish), where no caching is done in NGINX itself
+    # Defines the amount of memory that NGINX will allocate for each request to the proxied server. 
+    # This small chunk of memory will be used for reading and storing the tiny fraction of response – the HTTP headers.
+    # tuning solves the upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream error.
+    proxy_buffer_size 8k; # defaults: 4k/8k, should be enough for most PHP websites, or adjust as above
+    # size of buffers, in kilobytes, which can be used for delivering the response to clients 
+    # while it was not fully read from the upstream server.
+    proxy_busy_buffers_size 16k; # essentially, proxy_buffer_size + 2 small buffers of 4k
+    # The rule of thumb with this setting is that while we make use of buffering, 
+    # it is best that the complete response from upstream can be held in memory, to avoid disk I/O.
+    proxy_buffers 8 4k; # Default: 8 4k|8k; should be enough for most PHP websites, adjust as above to get an accurate value
+
+    # Time to establish TCP connection
+    # Increase only if your app has slow endpoints
+    proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
+    # Time between successive writes to upstream
+    proxy_send_timeout 60;
+    # Time between successive reads from upstream
+    proxy_read_timeout 60;
 
     # Gzip Settings
     gzip on;
@@ -91,7 +140,7 @@ http {
     gzip_comp_level 6;
     gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript application/json application/javascript application/xml+rss application/rss+xml font/truetype font/opentype application/vnd.ms-fontobject image/svg+xml;
 
-
     # Include all server configurations
-    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
+    # include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
+    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
 }